Red-backed fairywren

Malurus melanocephalus

Photo by Mark Andrews (Internet Bird Collection)

Common name:
red-backed fairywren (en); carriça-australiana-de-dorso-vermelho (pt); mérion à dos rouge (fr); ratona australiana de lomo rojo (es); rotrücken-staffelschwanz (de)

Taxonomy:
Order Passeriformes
Family Maluridae

Range:
This species is endemic to Australia, being found in the north, from northern Western Australia to Queensland and east of the Great Dividing range down to north-eastern New South Wales.

Size:
These birds are 10-13 cm long and weigh 5-10 g.

Habitat:
Red-backed fairywrens are mostly found in tropical grasslands, preferring tall grasses such as bladygrass Imperata cylindrica, Sorghum sp. and Eulalia sp. They can also be found in arable land.

Diet:
They are mainly insectivorous, taking various insects such as weevils and other beetles, bugs, grasshoppers, moths, wasps and cicadas. They also eat insect eggs and larvae, spiders and some seeds and other plant material.

Breeding:
Red-backed fairywrens breed in August-February. They are mostly monogamous, although some males will mate with several females. Some pair will have helpers that help raise the young. The nest is mostly built by the female, consisting of a spherical structure made of dry grasses and lined with finer grasses and hairs, concealed in a grass tussock or low scrub. There she lays 3-4 white eggs with reddish-brown spots, which she incubates alone for 2 weeks. The chicks are fed by both parents and sometimes helpers and fledge 11-12 days after hatching, but only become independent 1 month later.

Conservation:
IUCN status - LC (Least Concern)
This species has a very large breeding range and is reported to be often common. This population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats.

Striated grasswren

Amytornis striatus

Photo by Gary Oliver (The Great Aussie Birdshoot)

Common name:
striated grasswren (en); carriça-australiana-estriada (pt); amytis strié (fr); maluro estriado (es); streifengrasschlüpfer (de)


Taxonomy:
Order Passeriformes
Family Maluridae


Range:
This species is endemic to Australia, being found from New South Wales to Western Australia with a small separate population in Queensland.


Size:
These birds are 14,5-17,5 cm long and weigh 16-22 g.


Habitat:
These birds are mostly found in dry scrublands, often in arid sand plains and rocky hills, showing a preference for dense Triodia clumps.


Diet:
The striated grasswren feeds on the seeds of Triodia and various legumes, and also various arthropods including ants, beetles and spiders.


Breeding:
They can breed almost all year round, varying between different areas. The nest is a bulky dome with a side entrance, made of dry stems, bark strips and grass and lined with soft fibre, down and fur. It is typically placed inside a dense Triodia clump, 20-30 cm above the ground. The female lays 2-3 white eggs with red spots, which are incubated for 13-15 days. The chicks fledge 11-14 days after hatching. Each pair raises 1-2 broods per season.


Conservation:
IUCN status - LC (Least concern)
The striated grasswren has a large breeding range and is described as locally common to uncommon. This population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat loss and degradation due to clearing, over-grazing and inappropriate fire regime. Predation by feral carnivores is another problem affecting this species.